The L&T specialization enables you to create learning materials, including content and assessments.
You might prefer a formal approach, creating your content after careful planning and analysis. The L&T specialization includes a planning topic type that allows you to identify goals, needs, and objectives. The <learningGroup> and <learningObject> elements allow you to use planning topic types at many levels of your development.
The L&T specialization provides many elements for instructional content. It does not enforce a particular instructional design approach; you can pick and choose the elements that you want and adapt the model to your requirements.
Transforming the content into materials, exams, or e-learning content is entirely up to you. While you can use the DITA Open Toolkit to generate a PDF, RTF, and other standard formats, there is no default course output type.