Interaction types

The Learning and Training specialization Lesson 4: Elements for questions and responses Interaction types

Interactions in the learningDomain2 can include the following parts:

A question
Images (optional)
Correct and incorrect answer element tags
Feedback for correct and incorrect answers (optional)

Notice the use of 2 as in learningDomain2, lcTrueFalse2, and so on. An earlier version of L&T used <learningDomain>. The <learningDomain2> elements are more flexible and allow block elements like <p> within question elements.

The bulk of the interaction will be the question content. Different types of questions have different elements:

<lcTrueFalse2>: true-false question
<lcSingleSelect2>: multiple-choice question with a single correct answer
<lcMultipleSelect2>: multiple-choice question with more than one correct answer
<lcMatching2>: two columns of information that students must match into related pairs
<lcSequencing2>: a series of items that students must rearrange into the correct order
<lcOpenQuestion2>: a question that requires a written answer (such as short answer or essay responses)
<lcHotspot2>: an image with mapped regions on which students must click

Below is an example of a single select question.

<learningAssessment id="la_l1_t1_ingredient_quality">
    <title>Ingredient quality</title>
    <learningAssessmentbody>
        <lcInteraction id="lcInteraction_sqq_xws_rcb">
            <lcSingleSelect2>
                <lcQuestion2>Do not use grains that are contaminated
                                with:</lcQuestion2>
                <lcAnswerOptionGroup2 id="lcAnswerOptionGroup2_skb_bxs_rcb">
                    <lcAnswerOption2>
                        <lcAnswerContent2>Molds</lcAnswerContent2>
                        <lcFeedback2>Not just molds, but weed seeds and dirt 
                                        too.</lcFeedback2>
                    </lcAnswerOption2>
                    <lcAnswerOption2>
                        <lcAnswerContent2>Weed seeds</lcAnswerContent2>
                        <lcFeedback2>Not just weed seeds, but molds and dirt 
                                        too.</lcFeedback2>
                    </lcAnswerOption2>
                    <lcAnswerOption2>
                        <lcAnswerContent2>Dirt</lcAnswerContent2>
                        <lcFeedback2>Not just dirt, but molds and weed seeds 
                                        too.</lcFeedback2>
                    </lcAnswerOption2>
                    <lcAnswerOption2>
                        <lcAnswerContent2>All of the above</lcAnswerContent2>
                        <lcCorrectResponse2/>
                    </lcAnswerOption2>
                </lcAnswerOptionGroup2>
            </lcSingleSelect2>
        </lcInteraction>
    </learningAssessmentbody>
</learningAssessment>

Note: Note that with an “all of the above” type answer, use the lcSingleSelect2 interaction type, rather than lcMultipleSelect2. If you use the lcMultipleSelect2 and a student selects all correct answers (with or without the “all of the above” selection), most learning management systems (LMS) will mark this as an incorrect response.

Practice

Now you can practice creating an assessment question.

Make a copy of the file lca_practice_start.dita and open it in your editor.

Note: If you are using a DITA-aware text editor, make sure you are in text mode, rather than author or visual mode.

You should see this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE learningAssessment PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Learning Assessment//EN" 
     "learningAssessment.dtd">
    <learningAssessment id="lca_practice">
       <title>Feed Quality Source</title>
       <learningAssessmentbody> </learningAssessmentbody>
    </learningAssessment>

Notice that the !DOCTYPE declaration calls out the learningAssessment DTD.

After the required title is the <learningAssessmentbody>

Inside the <learningAssessmentbody> add the <lcInteraction> element and give it an id attribute.

<!DOCTYPE learningAssessment PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Learning Assessment//EN" 
    "learningAssessment.dtd">
<learningAssessment id="lca_practice">
    <title>Feed Quality Source</title>
    <learningAssessmentbody>
        <lcInteraction id="lcInteraction_practice"> 
        </lcInteraction>
    </learningAssessmentbody>
</learningAssessment>

Now you can decide what type of assessment question you will add. For this practice exercise, add a <lcMultipleSelect2> question.

<!DOCTYPE learningAssessment PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Learning Assessment//EN" 
    "learningAssessment.dtd">
<learningAssessment id="lca_practice">
    <title>Feed Quality Source</title>
    <learningAssessmentbody>
        <lcInteraction id="lcInteraction_practice">
            <lcMultipleSelect2>
            </lcMultipleSelect2>
        </lcInteraction>
     </learningAssessmentbody>
</learningAssessment>

Next, you can add the question into the <lcQuestion2> element.

. . .
<lcMultipleSelect2>
    <lcQuestion2>Good commercially prepared duck feed can be found where? 
                (answer all that apply):</lcQuestion2>
</lcMultipleSelect2>
. . .

Start adding the group of answer choices. First, add the <lcAnswerOptionGroup2> element and an id. Then, add the <lcAnswerOption2> element and the <lcAnswerContent2> element with the text of the first answer option.

. . .
<lcMultipleSelect2>
<lcQuestion2>Good commercially prepared duck feed can be found where? 
                (answer all that apply):</lcQuestion2>
        <lcAnswerOptionGroup2 id="lcAnswerOptionGroup2_practice">
            <lcAnswerOption2>
                <lcAnswerContent2>Local feed stores.</lcAnswerContent2>
             </lcAnswerOption2>
        </lcAnswerOptionGroup2>
</lcMultipleSelect2>
. . .

Now, if the answer option is correct, you can tag it as a correct answer choice.

. . .
<lcMultipleSelect2>
<lcQuestion2>Good commercially prepared duck feed can be found where? (answer all that apply):</lcQuestion2>
        <lcAnswerOptionGroup2 id="lcAnswerOptionGroup2_practice">
            <lcAnswerOption2>
                <lcAnswerContent2>Local feed stores.</lcAnswerContent2>
                <lcCorrectResponse2/>
             </lcAnswerOption2>
        </lcAnswerOptionGroup2>
</lcMultipleSelect2>
. . .

You can add as many <lcAnswerOption2> elements as you need, and all of them can be tagged as correct.

Try adding another correct answer option.

. . .
<lcAnswerOptionGroup2 id="lcAnswerOptionGroup2_practice">
    <lcAnswerOption2>
        <lcAnswerContent2>Local feed stores.</lcAnswerContent2>
        <lcCorrectResponse2/>
     </lcAnswerOption2>
     <lcAnswerOption2>
        <lcAnswerContent2>Mixed on the farm from bulk 
                             ingredients.</lcAnswerContent2>
        <lcCorrectResponse2/>
     </lcAnswerOption2>
</lcAnswerOptionGroup2>
. . .

To create an answer choice that is not a correct answer, omit the <lcCorrectResponse/> element. Then, provide feedback by using the <lcFeedback2> element.(It will appear if the student chooses the wrong answer.)

. . .
<lcAnswerOptionGroup2 id="lcAnswerOptionGroup2_practice">
    <lcAnswerOption2>
        <lcAnswerContent2>Local feed stores.</lcAnswerContent2>
        <lcCorrectResponse2/>
    </lcAnswerOption2>
    <lcAnswerOption2>
        <lcAnswerContent2>Mixed on the farm from bulk ingredients.</lcAnswerContent>
        <lcCorrectResponse2/>
    </lcAnswerOption2>
    <lcAnswerOption2>
        <lcAnswerContent2>From the back of a stranger’s truck.</lcAnswerContent2>
        <lcFeedback2>The more you know about the source, age, storage history, and the seller,
                        the better off you are. The back of a stranger's truck has none of this
                        information.</lcFeedback2>
    </lcAnswerOption2>
</lcAnswerOptionGroup2>
. . .

Practice

Now try an exercise on your own. Open the file lesson3/lc_task_exercise_start.dita and use it to convert the following assessment question from The DITA task topic type LearningDITA course into a DITA <learningAssessment> topic.
The answer choices are matched correctly in this preview.

Question

Match the child elements with their uses.

<chhead> Header row

<chrow> Body row

<choptionhd> Option in a header row

<chdeschd> Description in a header row

<choption> Option in a body row

<chdesc> Description in a body row
Check your file lesson/lca_exercise_start.dita against the completed sample file lesson4/lca_exercise.dita

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<chhead>	Header row
<chrow>	Body row
<choptionhd>	Option in a header row
<chdeschd>	Description in a header row
<choption>	Option in a body row
<chdesc>	Description in a body row